the effects of social issues in ma'ruf rosafi's poetry

abstract a poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the ottoman empire, ma'ruf rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a rise and boom which included political, social, and cultural issues. and it was poetry that could yield positive effects in the process of constructing and revolutionizing life trends and its conditions. all these factors led rosafi and others to embark upon and develop such themes as freedom of speech, spreading knowledge, abolishing ignorance, educating women, establishing justice, and defending home against colonization